Evolution of cooperation in a one - shot Prisoner ’ s 3 Dilemma based on recognition of trustworthy 4 and untrustworthy agents

9 This article explores the conditions under which agents will cooperate in one-shot two-player Prisoner’s 10 Dilemma games if they are able to withdraw from playing the game and can learn to recognize the 11 trustworthiness of their opponents. When the agents display a number of symbols and they learn which 12 symbols are important to estimate the trustworthiness of others, agents will evolve who cooperate in games 13 in line with experimental observations. These results are robust to significant levels of mutations and errors 14 made by the players. 15 © 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. 16 JEL classification: B52; C70 17